liquid chromatography (HPLC), and liquid mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS).

ELISA method: The enzyme immunoassay for phytohormones mainly consists of encapsulated antibodies on solid phase carriers (direct method) and encapsulated antigens (indirect method). The direct method uses free antigens and enzyme-labeled antigens to compete with adsorbed antibodies, and the indirect method uses free antigens and adsorbed antigens to compete with free antibodies.

High performance liquid Chromatography (HPLC): using liquid as the mobile phase and a high-pressure infusion system, the separation is achieved by using the small differences in the adsorption or partition coefficients of substances in the two phases.

Liquid mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS): also called liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), fully combines the high separation ability of HPLC and the strong qualitative ability of MS. After the sample is separated in the chromatography, it enters the mass spectrometry, which analyzes the mass-to-charge ratio of the measured sample ions.

A. Endogenous: Metabolites are formed by the induction of specific environmental information within the cells during plant life activities.

B. Mobility: Plant hormones have a long-distance transportation effect, and their speed and mode of movement vary with the type of hormone and the characteristics of plant organs.

C. Trace amount: Plant hormones have obvious physiological effects at very low concentrations.

The phytohormones that we studied come in both free form and binding form, which naturally occur in plants. The difference between the two in terms of chemical structure is whether there are covalently-bound small molecules. Those with small molecules are in binding forms, such as CK-O-glucopyranoside, and those without are in free form. The binding of small molecules not only changes the chemical structure of the hormone but, in most cases, leads to a decrease in hormone activity to complete inactivation. The binding form of plant hormones is generally regarded as physiologically inactive.

Phytohormone assay play a crucial role in controlling a variety of growth and development processes as well as how plants react to their environment. They are necessary signaling molecules that enable plants to sense changes in their environment from the outside, control their own growth, withstand harsh conditions, and maintain survival. Specific interactions also exist between several planthormones metabolomics. You may choose to detect all detectable hormones or select a subset with major functions to focus on, such as SA and JA for the study of pest and disease resistance, ABA for the study of drought resistance, GAs and ABA for the study of seed germination, and IAA, ABA, CK, GA, and BR for the study of plant growth status.

Sample pre-processing in a critical stage in detecting and quantifying plant hormone metabolites, and different hormone compounds require different of pre-processing. For hormones with extremely low amounts, special care must be taken during pre-processing as typical procedure will result in significant quantity losses and cannot effectively remove impurities, and will greatly obstructs the phytohormone detection process and prevents the real data from being obtained.

H2JA has no relevant information in KEGG, but H2JA is a derivative of JA. 

Related cases:

A.Signaling in the elicitation process is mediated through the octadecanoid pathway leading to jasmonic acid.

B.Biochemical characterization of an Arabidopsis glucosyltransferase with high activity toward Jasmonic acid.